Creation of tion by the space of fifty miles of English statute meas the First and Sec ure, towards the west and south-west, as the coast lyeth, ond Colony of Virginia, April 10, Limits of the First Colony. and locality of the Second Colony. with all the Islands within one hundred miles directly over against the same sea-coast; and also all the lands, soil, grounds, havens, ports, rivers, mines, minerals, woods, waters, marshes, fishings, commodities, and hereditaments whatsoever, from the said place of their first plantation and habitation for the space of fifty like English miles, all along the said coast of Virginia and America, towards the east and north-east, or towards the north, as the coast lyeth, together with all the Islands within one hundred miles, directly over against the said sea-coast; and also all the lands, woods, soil, grounds, havens, ports, rivers, mines, minerals, marshes, waters, fishings, commodities, and hereditaments whatsoever, from the same fifty miles every way on the sea-coast, directly into the main land by the space of one hundred like English miles; and shall and may inhabit and remain there; and shall and may also build and fortify within any the same, for their better safe-guard and defence, according to their best discretion, and the discretion of the Council of that Colony: and that no other of our subjects shall be permitted, or suffered, to plant or inhabit behind, or on the backside of them, towards the main land, without the express licence or consent of the Council of that Colony, thereunto in writing first had and obtained. V. And we do likewise, for us, our heirs, and successors, by these presents, grant and agree, that the Patentees said Thomas Hanham, and Raleigh Gilbert, William Parker and George Popham, and all others of the Town of Plimouth, in the county of Devon, or elsewhere, which are, or shall be, joined unto them of that Colony, shall be called THE SECOND COLONY: and that they shall and may begin their said Plantation and seat of their first abode and habitation, at any place upon the said coast of Virginia and America where they shall think fit and convenient, between thirty-eight degrees of the said latitude, THE FIRST CHARTER OF JAMES I. PART I. and forty-five degrees of the same latitude; and that Creation of the First they shall have all the lands, soils, grounds, havens, and Secports, rivers, mines, minerals, woods, marshes, waters, ond Colofishings, commodities, and hereditaments, whatsoever, ginia, from the first seat of their plantation and habitation, by April 10, ny of Vir 1606. ond Colo the space of fifty like English miles, as is aforesaid, all along the said coast of Virginia and America, towards the west and south-west, or towards the south as the coast lyeth, and all the Islands within one hundred miles directly over against the said sea-coast; and also all the lands, soils, grounds, havens, ports, rivers, mines, minerals, woods, marshes, waters, fishings, commodities, and hereditaments whatsoever, from the said place of the first plantation and habitation for the space of fifty like miles all along the coast of Virginia and America, towards the east and north-east, or towards the north, as the Limits of coast lyeth, and all the Islands also within one hundred the Secmiles directly over against the same sea-coast; and also ny. all the lands, soils, grounds, havens, ports, rivers, woods, mines, minerals, marshes, waters, fishings, commodities, and hereditaments, whatsoever, from the same fifty miles every way on the sea-coast, directly into the main land, by the space of one hundred like English miles; and shall and may inhabit and remain there; and shall and may also build and fortify within any the same for their better safeguard, according to their best discretion, and the discretion of the Council of that Colony; and that none of our subjects shall be permitted, or suffered, to plant or inhabit behind, or on the back of them, towards the main land, without the express licence of the Council of that Colony in writing thereunto first had and obtained. VI. Provided always, and our will and pleasure here- PROVISO. in is that the Plantation and habitation of such of the said Colonies, as shall last plant themselves, as aforesaid, shall not be made within one hundred like English miles of the other of them, that first began to make their plantation, as aforesaid. Creation of VII. And we do also ordain, establish, and agree, for the First and Sec- us, our heirs, and successors, that each of the said Coloond Colo- nies shall have a Council, which shall govern and order ny of Virginia, April 10, 1606. all matters and causes which shall arise, grow or happen, to or within the same several Colonies, according to How to be such laws, ordinances, and instructions, as shall be in governed. that behalf, given and signed with our hand or sign manuel, and pass under the Privy Seal of our realm of England; each of which Councils shall consist of thirteen persons, to be ordained, made, and removed, from time to time, according as shall be directed and comCouncils to prised in the same instructions; and shall have a several have Seals. seal, for all matters that shall pass or concern the same several Councils; each of which seals shall have the King's arms engraven on the one side thereof, and his portraiture on the other; and that the seal for the Coun cil of the said FIRST COLONY shall have engraven round, Seal of the about, on the one side, these words, Sigillum Regis ny. Magnæ Britannia, Franciæ, et Hiberniæ; on the other First Colo Seal of side this inscription round about; Pro Concilio Primæ Coloniæ Virginia. And the seal for the Council of the said SECOND COLONY shall also have engraven round the Second about the one side thereof the aforesaid words: Sigillum Colony. Regis Magna Britannia, Franciæ, et Hiberniæ; and on the other side, Pro Concilio Secundæ Colonia, Virginia. VIII. And that also there shall be a Council estabSupreme Council in lished here in England, which shall, in like manner, conEngland. Jurisdiction of. Seal of. sist of thirteen persons, to be, for that purpose, appointed by us, our heirs and successors, which shall be called OUR COUNCIL OF VIRGINIA; and shall from time to time, have the superior managing and direction, only of and for all matters, that shall or may concern the government, as well of the said several Colonies, as of and for any other part or place, within the aforesaid precincts of fourand-thirty and five-and-forty degrees, abovementioned; which Council shall, in like manner, have a seal, for matters concerning the Council or Colonies, with the THE FIRST CHARTER OF JAMES I. PART I. of the First like arms and portraiture, as aforesaid, with this in-Creation scription, engraven round about on the one side: and Sec Sigillum Regis Magna, Britannicæ, Franciæ, et Hiber-ond Coloniæ; and round about the other side, Pro Concilio suo ginia, Virginia. ny of Vir April 10, 1606. IX. And moreover, we do grant and agree, for us, Power to our heirs and successors, that the said several Councils, search for and dig of and for the said several Colonies, shall and lawfully mines. may, by virtue hereof, from time to time, without any interruption of us, our heirs or successors, give and take order, to dig, mine, and search for all manner of mines of gold, silver, and copper, as well within any part of their said several Colonies, as of the said main lands on the backside of the same colonies; and to have Ores how and enjoy the gold, silver, and copper, to be gotten to be thereof, to the use and behoof of the same Colonies, and the plantations thereof; yielding therefor to us, our heirs and successors, the fifth part only of all the same gold and silver, and the fifteenth part of all the same copper, so to be gotten or had, as is aforesaid, without any other manner of profit or account, to be given or yielded to us, our heirs, or successors, for or in respect of the same. dis X. And they shall, or lawfully may, establish and May coin cause to be made a coin, to pass current there between Money. the people of those several Colonies, for the more ease of traffick and bargaining between and amongst them and the natives there, of such metal, and in such manner and form, as the said several councils there shall limit and appoint. and trans XI. And we do likewise, for us, our heirs and suc-May solicit cessors, by these presents, give full power and authority portad to the said Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Somers, Rich-venturers. ard Hacluit, Edward-Maria Wingfield; Thomas Hanham, Raleigh Gilbert, William Parker and George Popham; and to every of them, and to the said several companies, plantations, and colonies, that they and every of them, shall and may at all and every time and times hereafter, Creation have, take, and lead in the said voyage, and for and of the First and Sec 1606. towards the said several Plantations and Colonies, and ond Colo- to travel thitherward, and to abide and inhabit there, in ny of Virginia, every the said Colonies and Plantations, such and so April 10, many of our subjects, as shall willingly accompany them, or any of them, in the said voyages and plantations; May fit out with sufficient shipping, and furniture of armour, weapships, etc. ons, ordnance, powder, victual, and all other things necessary for the said Plantations, and for their use and Proviso, defence there. Provided always, that none of the said persons be such, as shall hereafter be specially restrained by us, our heirs, or successors. and furnish May repel XII. Moreover, we do, by these presents, for us, our intruders. heirs and successors, give and grant licence unto the said Sir Thomas Gates, etc., and to every of the said Colonies, that they, and every of them, shall and may, from time to time, and at all times forever hereafter, for their several defences, encounter, expulse, repel and resist, as well by sea as by land, by all ways and means whatsoever, all and every such person and persons, as without the special licence of the said several Colonies and plantations, shall attempt to inhabit within the said several precincts and limits of the said several colonies and plantations, or any of them, or that shall enterprise or attempt, at any time hereafter the hurt, detriment, or annoyance, of the said several colonies or plantations. Power to exact duties from the Colo nies. XIII. Giving and granting, by these presents, unto the said Sir Thomas Gates, etc., and their associates of Traders to the said First Colony; and unto the said Thomas Hanham, etc., and their associates of the said Second Colony, and to every of them from time to time, and at all times forever hereafter power and authority to take and surprise, by all ways and means whatsoever, all and every person and persons, with their ships, vessels, goods, and other furniture, which shall be found trafficking, into any harbour or harbours, creek or creeks, or place, within the limits or precincts of the said several colo |