Principles of Political Economy: With Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy, Volume 1Colonial Press, 1899 - Economics |
Contents
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Common terms and phrases
accumulation Adam Smith advantage agricultural amount applied bricklayers capitalist causes circulating capital commodities competition condition considerable consumed consumption coöperation cultivation dealers degree demand diminished division of labour duced duction ductive effect employment England equal equivalent exchange exertion exist expense farmer farms favourable fixed capital flax France funds greater human hundred quarters ical improvement income increase individual industry Ireland kind labour employed labouring classes land landlord less limited machinery maintain mankind manufacture manure materials means ment metayer mode natural agents necessary obtained occupation operations paid peasant persons political economy population portion possession present principle productive labour productive power profit proportion proprietors purpose quantity rate of profit remuneration render rent saving society soil subsistence sufficient supply suppose surplus taxes things thousand tion unproductive velvet wages wealth whole workmen yield
Popular passages
Page 163 - But if they had all wrought separately and independently, and without any of them having been educated to this peculiar business, they certainly could not each of them have made twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day...
Page 243 - A greater number of people cannot, in any given state of civilization, be collectively so well provided for as a smaller. The niggardliness of nature, not the injustice of society, is the cause of the penalty attached to overpopulation. An unjust distribution of wealth does not aggravate the evil, but, at most, causes it to be somewhat earlier felt. It is in vain to say that all mouths which the increase of mankind calls into existence bring with them hands.
Page 256 - It is not so with the Distribution of Wealth. That is a matter of human institution solely. The things once there, mankind, individually or collectively, can do with them as they like.
Page 532 - Happily, there is nothing in the laws of Value which remains for the present or any future writer to clear up ; the theory of the subject is complete...
Page 265 - ... as the work grows harder and more disagreeable, until the most fatiguing , and exhausting bodily labour cannot count with certainty on being able to earn even the necessaries of life ; if this, or ! Communism, were the alternative, all the difficulties, great or small, of Communism, would be bat as dust in the balance.
Page 453 - ... untaught, for they cannot be better taught than fed ; selfish, for all their thoughts are required for themselves ; without interests or sentiments as citizens and members of society, and with a sense of injustice rankling in their minds, equally for what they have not, and for what others have ; I know not what there is which should make a person with any capacity of reason, concern himself about the destinies of the human race.
Page 83 - What capital does for production, is to afford the shelter, protection, tools and materials which the work requires, and to feed and otherwise maintain the labourers during the process.
Page 468 - ... the easiness and cheapness, or the difficulty and expense of learning them; thirdly, the constancy or inconstancy of employment in them; fourthly, the small or great trust which must be reposed in those who exercise them; and fifthly, the probability or improbability of success in them. First, The wages of labour vary with the ease or hardship, the cleanliness or dirtiness, the honourableness or dishonourableness of the employment.
Page 472 - ... weavers, and you will find that the former sum will generally exceed the latter. But make the same computation with regard to all the counsellors and students of law in all the different inns of court, and you will find that their annual gains bear but a very small proportion to their annual expense, even though you rate the former as high, and the latter as low, as can well be done.
Page 469 - A mason or bricklayer, on the contrary, can work neither in hard frost nor in foul weather, and his employment at all other times depends upon the occasional calls of his customers. He is liable, in consequence, to be frequently without any. What he earns, therefore, while he is employed, must not only maintain him while he is idle, but make him some compensation for those anxious and desponding moments which the thought of so precarious a situation must sometimes occasion.